231.1
English is not an official language of the Swiss Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force.
of 9 October 1992 (Status as of 1 July 2025)
The Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation,
on the basis of Articles 95 and 122 of the Federal Constitution1,2 and having considered the Dispatch of the Federal Council dated 19 June 19893,
decrees:
2 Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 21 June 2013, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 3631; BBl 2009 8533).
1 This Act regulates:
2 International treaties remain reserved.
1 Works are literary and artistic intellectual creations with individual character, irrespective of their value or purpose.
2 They include, in particular:
3 Computer programs are also works.
3bis Photographic depictions and depictions of three-dimensional objects produced by a process similar to that of photography are considered works, even if they do not have individual character.4
4 Drafts, titles and parts of works, insofar as they are intellectual creations with an individual character, are also protected.
4 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 Derivative works are intellectual creations with individual character that are based upon pre-existing works, whereby the individual character of the latter remains identifiable.
2 Such works include, in particular, translations as well as audio-visual and other adaptations.
3 Derivative works are protected as works in their own right.
4 The protection of the works used in the derivative work remains reserved.
1 Collections are protected as works in their own right insofar as they are intellectual creations with individual character with regard to their selection and arrangement.
2 Works included in a collected work may be protected individually.
1 Copyright does not protect:
2 Copyright also does not protect official or legally required collections and translations of the works referred to in paragraph 1.
The author is the natural person who has created the work.
1 Where two or more persons have contributed as authors to the creation of a work, copyright belongs to all such persons jointly.
2 Unless they have agreed otherwise, they may only use the work with the consent of all authors; consent may not be withheld for reasons contrary to the principles of good faith.
3 Each joint author may independently bring an action for infringement, but may only ask for relief for the benefit of all.
4 Where the individual contributions may be separated and there is no agreement to the contrary, each joint author may use his own contribution independently provided such use does not impair the exploitation of the joint work.
1 Unless proven otherwise, the author is the person whose name, pseudonym or distinctive sign appears on the copies or the publication of the work.
2 As long as the author is not named or remains unknown in the case of a pseudonym or a distinctive sign, the person who is the editor of the work may exercise the copyright. Where such person is also not named, the person who has published the work may exercise the copyright.
1 The author has the exclusive right to his own work and the right to recognition of his authorship.
2 The author has the exclusive right to decide whether, when, how and under what author's designation his own work is published for the first time.
3 A work is considered to be published when it has been made available for the first time by the author, or with his consent, to a large number of persons not constituting a private circle as defined in Article 19 paragraph 1 letter a.
1 The author has the exclusive right to decide whether, when and how his work is used.
2 The author has the right, in particular:
3 The author of a computer program also has the exclusive rental right.
5 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
6 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
1 The author has the exclusive right to decide:
2 Even where a third party is authorised by contract or law to alter the work or to use it to create a derivative work, the author may oppose any distortion of the work that is a violation of his personal rights.
3 It is permissible to use existing works for the creation of parodies or other comparable variations on the work.
1 Where the author has transferred the rights to a copy of a work or has consented to such a transfer, these rights may subsequently be further transferred or the copy otherwise distributed.
1bis Copies of audio-visual works may not be further transferred or rented as long as the author is thereby impaired in exercising his right of performance (Art. 10 para. 2 let. c).7
2 Where the author has transferred the rights to a computer program or has consented to such transfer, such a program may subsequently be used or further transferred.
3 Works of architecture that have been constructed may be altered by the owner; Article 11 paragraph 2 remains reserved.
7 Inserted by Art. 36 No 3 of the Film Act of 14 Dec. 2001 (AS 2002 1904; BBl 2000 5429). Amended by No II of the FA of 20 June 2003, in force since 1 April 2004 (AS 2004 1385; BBl 2002 2022 5506).
1 Any person who rents or otherwise makes available for a fee copies of literary or artistic works owes remuneration to the author.
2 No obligation to pay remuneration exists for:
3 Claims for remuneration may only be asserted by the approved collective rights management organisations (Art. 40 and seq.).
4 This Article does not apply to computer programs. The exclusive right under Article 10 paragraph 3 remains reserved.
1 Any person who lawfully makes an audio-visual work available in such a way that persons may access it from a place and at a time chosen by them owes remuneration to the authors who created the audio-visual work.
2 No remuneration is owed if:
3 The right to remuneration is inalienable and unwaivable and only the authors are entitled to claim it; it substitutes any remuneration for the contractually agreed use of the audio-visual work. It may only be asserted by the approved collective rights management organisations.
4 Authors of an audio-visual work which was not produced by a person domiciled or with a registered office in Switzerland only have a right to remuneration if the country in which the audio-visual work was produced also provides for a collectively managed remuneration right for authors for the making available of the work.
5 This article does not apply to music contained in audio-visual works. The authors of musical works have a right to an equitable share of the proceeds from their collectively managed exclusive rights.
8 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 Any person who owns or is in possession of a copy of a work must provide access thereto to the author to the extent necessary for the latter to exercise the copyright and insofar as no legitimate interest of the owner precludes such access.
2 The author may require that a copy of the work be lent to him for an exhibition in Switzerland if an overriding interest can be proven.
3 The loan may be subject to the provision of security for the intact return of the copy of the work. Where the copy of the work cannot be returned intact, the author is liable regardless of fault.
1 Where the owner of an original work of which no further copies exist has reason to assume that the author of the work has a legitimate interest in its preservation, he may not destroy the work without first offering to return it to the author. The owner may not request more than the material value of the work.
2 Where it is not possible to return the work, the owner must make it possible for the author to reproduce the original in an appropriate manner.
3 For works of architecture, the author only has the right to photograph the work and to require that copies of the plans be handed to him at his own expense.
1 Copyright is assignable or may be inherited.
2 The assignment of a right subsisting in the copyright does not include the assignment of other partial rights, unless such was agreed.
3 The assignment of the ownership of a copy of a work does not include the right to exploit the copyright, even in the case of an original work.
Where a computer program has been created under an employment contract in the course of discharging professional duties and in fulfilling contractual obligations, the employer alone shall be entitled to exercise the exclusive rights of use.
The rights referred to in Article 10 paragraphs 2 and 3 and in Article 11 are subject to debt enforcement insofar as the author has already exercised them and the work has already been published with the consent of the author.
1 Published works may be used for private use. Private use means:
2 Persons entitled to make copies of a work for private use may also have them made by third parties subject to paragraph 3; libraries, other public institutions and businesses that make copying apparatus available to their users are also deemed third parties within the meaning of this paragraph.9
3 The following are not permitted outside the private sphere defined in paragraph 1 letter a:10
3bis Copies which are made by accessing works that are lawfully made available are neither subject to the restriction of private use under this Article nor are they included in the claims for remuneration under Article 20.11
4 This Article does not apply to computer programs.
9 Amended by No I of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389).
10 Amended by No I of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389).
11 Inserted by No 1 of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389).
1 The use of the work within a circle of persons under Article 19 paragraph 1 letter a does not give rise to a right of remuneration subject to paragraph 3.
2 Any person who reproduces works in any manner for private use under Article 19 paragraph 1 letter b or letter c, or any person who does so as a third party under Article 19 paragraph 2 owes remuneration to the author.
3 Any person who produces or imports blank media suitable for the fixation of works owes remuneration to the author for the use of the works under Article 19.
4 Claims for remuneration may only be asserted by the authorised collective rights management organisations.
1 Any person who has the right to use a computer program may obtain, either personally or through a third party, necessary information on the interfaces by decoding the program code using independently developed programs.
2 The interface information obtained by decoding the program code may only be used for the development, maintenance and use of interoperable computer programs insofar as neither the normal exploitation of the program nor the legitimate interests of the owner of the rights are unreasonably prejudiced.
1 The right to make broadcast works perceptible simultaneously and without alteration or to rebroadcast such works within the framework of the retransmission of a broadcast programme may only be asserted by the authorised collective rights management organisations.
2 The retransmission of works by means of technical equipment that is intended to serve a small number of receivers, such as installations in a multiple-family dwelling or in a residential complex, is permitted.
3 This Article does not apply to the rebroadcasting of subscription television programmes or of programmes that cannot be received in Switzerland.
1 The following rights to archived works of broadcasting organisations' under the Federal Act of 24 March 200613 on Radio and Television may only be asserted by the authorised collective rights management organisations, subject to paragraph 3:
2 A broadcasting organisations' archived work means a work fixed on a phonogram or audio-visual fixation which was created by a broadcasting organisation under its own editorial responsibility and at its own expense or by a third party at the sole request and expense of the broadcasting organisation and which was first broadcast at least ten years previously. In the event that other works or parts of works are integrated into an archived work, paragraph 1 also applies to the assertion of rights to this work or partial work insofar as these do not significantly determine the unique character of the archived works.
3 To the extent that the rights under paragraph 1 and their remuneration are regulated in a contract prior to the first broadcast or within ten years thereafter, the contractual provisions apply exclusively. Paragraph 1 does not apply to the broadcasting organisations' rights under Article 37. The broadcasting organisations and the third parties involved must provide information regarding the contractual agreement to the collective rights management organisation upon request.
12 Inserted by No 1 of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389).
1 A work is considered to be orphaned if the holders of the rights to the work remain unknown or cannot be found following an appropriate research effort.
2 The rights to the orphan work under Article 10 may only be asserted by authorised collective rights management organisations if the work is used on the basis of a copy of a work which:
3 Orphan works are considered to be published. If other works or partial works are integrated into an orphan work, paragraph 2 also applies to the assertion of the rights to these works or partial works insofar as these do not significantly determine the unique character of the archived works.
4 The rights holders have a right to remuneration for the use of the work. This may not exceed the remuneration provided for in the distribution regulations of the relevant collective rights management organisation for the use of the work.
5 Article 43a applies to the use of a larger number of works on the basis of copies of works from collections under paragraph 2 letter a.
6 If no rights holders present themselves within 10 years, the proceeds of exploitation, by way of derogation from Article 48 paragraph 2, shall be used in their entirety for social welfare purposes and for the appropriate promotion of culture.
14 Inserted by No 1 of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007. 2007 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389). Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 The right to make non-theatrical works of music contained in a broadcast available through a radio or television programme may only be asserted by the authorised collective rights management organisations if:
2 Subject to the requirements of paragraph 1, the right of reproduction for the purpose of making available may only be asserted by the authorised collective rights management organisations.
15 Inserted by No 1 of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in f2007,inforcesince1July2008(AS20082421;BBl20063389).
1 If a musical work, with or without lyrics, has been fixed on a phonogram in Switzerland or abroad and has been offered, transferred or otherwise distributed in this form with the permission of the author, all manufacturers of phonograms with a commercial establishment in Switzerland may also request permission from the copyright owner to do the same in Switzerland against remuneration.
2 The Federal Council may waive the requirement of a commercial establishment in Switzerland in the case of nationals of countries granting reciprocity.
1 One copy of a work may be made in order to ensure its preservation. The original or the copy must be stored in an archive not accessible to the general public and be marked as the archive copy.
1bis Public and publicly accessible libraries, educational institutions, museums and archives may make those copies of the works required to secure and preserve their collections insofar as these copies are not made for financial or commercial gain.16
2 Any person entitled to use a computer program may make one backup copy thereof; this right may not be waived by contract.
16 Inserted by No 1 of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389). Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
The making of temporary copies of a work is permitted if:
17 Inserted by No 1 of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389).
1 If commercially available phonograms or audio-visual fixations are used for broadcasting purposes by broadcasting organisations subject to the Federal Act of 24 March 200619 on Radio and Television, the rights of reproduction of non-theatrical musical works may only be asserted by an authorised collective rights management organisation.
2 Copies produced in accordance with paragraph 1 may neither be transferred nor otherwise distributed; they must be produced by the broadcasting organisation by means of their own facilities. They must be destroyed after they have fulfilled their purpose. Article 11 remains reserved.
18 Inserted by No 1 of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389).
1 A work may be reproduced, distributed or made available in a format which is accessible to people with disabilities insofar as the work cannot be perceived, or can only be perceived with difficulty, in its already published form.
2 Copies under paragraph 1 may only be produced, distributed or made available for non-commercial purposes, and only for the use of persons with disabilities.
3 Copies under paragraph 1 and copies which were produced in accordance with a corresponding legal limitation or exception in another country may be imported and exported if:
4 The author has the right to remuneration for the copying, distribution and making available of a work in a format accessible to persons with disabilities other than in the case of the production of individual copies of the work.
5 Claims for remuneration may only be asserted by an authorised collective rights management organisation.
20 Inserted by No 1 of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389). Amended by the Annex to the FD of 21 June 2019 on the Adoption of the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1013; BBl 2018 591).
1 For the purposes of scientific research, it is permissible to reproduce a work if the copying is due to the use of a technical process and if the works to be copied can be lawfully accessed.
2 On conclusion of the scientific research, the copies made in accordance with this article may be retained for archiving and backup purposes.
3 This article does not apply to the copying of computer programs.
21 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 Public and publicly accessible libraries, educational institutions, museums, collections and archives may, within their inventories that serve the purposes of describing and making their collections accessible, reproduce short excerpts of the works or copies of works in their collections, provided that this does not impair the normal exploitation of the works.
2 The following parts of works, in particular, are considered short excerpts:
22 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 Published works may be quoted if the quotation serves as an explanation, a reference or an illustration, and the extent of the quotation is justified for such purpose.
2 The quotation must be designated as such and the source given. Where the source indicates the name of the author, the name must also be cited.
A work forming part of a collection accessible to the public may be reproduced in a catalogue issued by the administrators of the collection; the same rule applies to the publication of exhibition and auction catalogues.
1 A work permanently situated in a place accessible to the public may be depicted; the depiction may be offered, transferred, broadcast or otherwise distributed.
2 The depiction may not be three-dimensional and it may not serve the same purpose as the original.
1 Where it is necessary for reporting current events, the works perceived in doing so may be fixed, reproduced, presented, broadcast, distributed or otherwise made perceptible.
2 For the purposes of information about current affairs, short excerpts from press articles or from radio and television reports may be reproduced, distributed, broadcast or retransmitted; full reference must be made to the relevant excerpt as well as the source. Where the source refers to the name of the author, the name must also be cited.
1 A work is protected by copyright as soon as it is created, irrespective of whether it has been fixed on a physical medium.
2 Protection expires:
3 Where it is has to be assumed that the author has been dead for more than 50 or 70 years24 respectively, protection no longer applies.
4 Articles 30 and 31 do not apply to photographic depictions and depictions of three-dimensional objects produced by a process similar to that of photography if the depictions do not have individual character.25
23 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
24 Revised by the Federal Assembly Drafting Committee (Art. 58 para. 1 ParlA; SR 171.10).
25 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 Where two or more persons have participated in the creation of a work (Art. 7), protection expires:
2 Where the individual contributions may be separated, protection for each contribution expires 50 or 70 years28 respectively after the death of the respective author.
3 In the case of films and other audio-visual works, the calculation of the term of protection is based solely on the date of the death of the director.
1 Where the author of a work is unknown, protection for that work expires 70 years after it has been published or, if it has been published in instalments, 70 years after the final instalment.
2 If the identity of the person29 who has created the work becomes publicly known before the expiry of the aforementioned term, protection for the work expires:
The term of protection is calculated from 31 December of the year in which the event determining the calculation occurred.
1 A performer is any natural person who performs a work or an expression of folklore or who participates artistically in the performance of such a work.32
2 Performers have the following exclusive right in respect of their performance or its fixation:33
32 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
33 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
34 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
35 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
1 Performers have the right to be recognised as such when they perform a work.
2 The protection of performers from derogatory treatment of their performances is subject to Articles 28-28l of the Swiss Civil Code37.
36 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
1 Where two or more persons have participated artistically in a performance, they are jointly entitled to the related rights under Article 7.
2 Where performers appear as a group under a common name, the representative named by the performing group shall have the authority to assert the rights of the members. Insofar as the group does not name a representative, the person who produces the performance or fixes it on blank media, or who broadcasts it has the authority to assert the rights.
3 In the case of a choral, orchestral or stage performance, use of the performance under Article 33 requires the consent of the following persons:
4 Any person who has the right to exploit a performance on an audio-visual fixation is considered to be authorised to permit third parties to make the fixed performance available in such a way that persons may have access to it from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.
5 In the absence of the corresponding statutory or contractual provisions, the relationship between the authorised persons under paragraphs 2 and 4 and the performers whom they represent is governed by the provisions on agency without authority.
38 Amended by No I of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389).
1 If commercially available phonograms or audio-visual fixations are used for the purpose of broadcasting, retransmission, public reception (Article 33 para. 2 let. e) or performance, the performers have a right to remuneration.
2 The producer of the medium thus used is entitled to an equitable share of the remuneration of the performers.
3 Claims for remuneration may only be asserted by the authorised collective rights management organisations.
4 Foreign performers who are not habitually resident in Switzerland only have a right to remuneration if the state of which they are a national affords a corresponding right to Swiss nationals.
1 Any person who lawfully makes an audio-visual work available in such a way that persons may access it from a place and at a time chosen by them owes remuneration to the performers who participated in a performance contained in the audio-visual work.
2 No remuneration is owed if:
3 The right to remuneration is inalienable and unwaivable and only the performers are entitled to claim it; it substitutes any remuneration for the contractually agreed use of the performance. It may only be asserted by the approved collective rights management organisations.
4 Performers only have a right to remuneration for their performances in an audio-visual work which was not produced by a person domiciled or with a registered office in Switzerland, if the country in which the audio-visual work was produced also provides for a collective right to remuneration for performers for making the work available.
39 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
A producer of phonograms and audio-visual fixations has the exclusive right:
40 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
A broadcasting organisation has the exclusive right:
41 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
The provisions under Article 12 paragraph 1 and Article 13 as well as Chapters 4 and 5 of the Second Title of this Act apply mutatis mutandis to the rights to which the performers, phonogram and audio-visual fixation producers and broadcasting organisations are entitled.
1 Protection begins with the performance of the work or of the expression of folklore by the performers, with the publication of the phonogram or audio-visual fixation, or with its production if it is not published, it ends after 70 years. Protection of a broadcast begins with its transmission; it ends after 50 years or with the transmission of the broadcast; it ends after 50 years.42
1bis The right to recognition as a performer under Article 33a paragraph 1 expires on the death of the performer, but not before the term of protection under paragraph 1 expires.43
2 The term of protection is calculated from 31 December of the year in which the event determining the calculation occurred.
42 Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
43 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
44 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
1 Effective technological measures for the protection of works and other protected subject-matter may not be circumvented.
2 Effective technological measures in accordance with paragraph 1 means technologies and devices such as access control, copy control, encryption, scrambling and other modification mechanisms that are intended and suitable for preventing or limiting the unauthorised use of works and other subject-matter.
3 It is unlawful to manufacture, import, offer, transfer or otherwise distribute, rent, give for use, and advertise or possess for commercial purposes devices, products or components, or provide services which:
4 The ban on circumvention may not be enforced against those persons who undertake the circumvention exclusively for legally permitted uses.
1 The Federal Council shall establish a monitoring office for technological measures which:
2 The Federal Council regulates the tasks and organisation of the monitoring office. It may provide that measures by the monitoring office be taken if public interests protected by the exceptions and limitations of copyright so require.
1 Rights management information on copyright and related rights may not be removed or altered.
2 Electronic information that identifies works and other subject-matter or information about the terms and conditions of use as well as any numbers or codes that represent such information are protected when such information:
3 Works or other subject-matter from which the rights management information concerning copyright and related rights has been removed or altered may not be copied, imported, offered, transferred or otherwise distributed or broadcast, made perceptible or made available in this form.
45 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 The provider of an internet hosting service which stores information entered by users is required to prevent a work or other protected subject matter from being unlawfully remade available to third parties through the use of its services, if the following requirements are fulfilled:
2 The provider must take the technical and economic measures reasonably expected of them, taking into account the risk of such infringements.
1 The following are subject to federal supervision:
2 The Federal Council may subject other areas of collective rights management to federal supervision if public interest so requires.
3 The personal exploitation of exclusive rights under paragraph 1 letter a by the author or his heirs is not subject to federal supervision.
46 Inserted by No I of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2421; BBl 2006 3389).
47 Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
Any person who exploits rights which are subject to federal supervision requires authorisation from the Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (IPI)48.
48 Name in accordance with Annex No 3 of the FA of 21 June 2013, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 3631; BBl 2009 8533). This modification has been made throughout the text.
1 Authorisation is only given to collective rights management organisations which:
2 In general, authorisation is only granted to a single collective rights management organisation per category of work and to a single collective rights management organisation for related rights.
1 Authorisation is granted for five years; on expiry, it may be renewed for the same term.
2 Notice of the granting, renewal, modification, withdrawal and non-renewal of such authorisation shall be published.
49 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 A collective rights management organisation may also assert the exclusive rights of rights holders who are not represented by it for the use of a large number of published works and protected performances, and for which assertion is not subject to the authorisation requirement under Article 41, insofar as the following requirements are fulfilled:
2 Works located in collections of public and publicly accessible libraries, archives or other memory institutions are considered to be published within the meaning of paragraph 1.
3 The collective rights management organisations shall make the extended collective licences known in an appropriate manner before they come into force, in particular via publication in easily accessible and traceable locations.
4 Rights holders and holders of an exclusive licence may request the collective rights management organisation which is granting an extended collective licence to exclude their rights from a particular collective licence; the applicability of this collective licence to the protected works or protected services in question ends with the receipt of the opt out notice.
5 Neither the provisions regarding tariffs (Art. 46 and 47) nor the provisions regarding the supervision of tariffs (Art. 55-60) apply to extended collective licences; however, proceeds from these exploitations must be distributed in accordance with the principles of Article 49. Exploitation under this article is subject to the obligation to provide information and render account (Art. 50) and the supervision of the conduct of business (Art. 52-54).
The collective rights management organisations have an obligation to the holders of rights to assert those rights that fall within their field of activity.
1 The collective rights management organisations are required to conduct their business in accordance with proper business management principles.
2 They administer the rights in accordance with set rules and with the principle of equal treatment.
3 They may not aim to make a profit.
4 They shall conclude, wherever possible, reciprocal agreements with foreign collective rights management organisations.
1 The collective rights management organisations shall draw up tariffs for the remuneration that they collect.
2 They negotiate the terms of each tariff with the relevant associations of users.
3 They shall submit the tariffs to the Federal Arbitration Commission (Art. 55) for approval and shall publish the approved tariffs.
1 Where more than one collective rights management organisation operates in the same field of use, they shall draw up a joint tariff applying uniform principles for use of the same works or performances and shall designate one of their number as the joint office for payment.
2 The Federal Council may enact further provisions concerning their collaboration.
1 The collective rights management organisations are required to draw up distribution regulations and to submit them to the IPI for approval.50
2 With the approval of the supreme organ of the rights management organisation, a portion of the proceeds may be used for social welfare purposes and for the appropriate promotion of culture.
50 Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 The collective rights management organisations must distribute the exploitation proceeds in proportion to the revenue derived from the individual works and performances. They must make all reasonable efforts to identify those who are entitled to a share of the proceeds.
2 If a distribution entails unreasonable expense, the collective rights management organisations may estimate the extent of revenue; the estimates are based on factors that are capable of verification and are appropriate.
3 The proceeds are divided between the original holders of rights and other entitled persons in such a way that an equitable share goes to the author and the performer. A different distribution is permissible where the expense would be unreasonable.
4 Contractual agreements made by the original holders of rights with third parties take precedence over the rules of distribution.
The collective rights management organisations must provide the IPI51 with all the information and documents necessary for carrying out its supervisory duties, and also provide account of its activities in an annual report.
51 Name in accordance with No1 para. 1 of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591). This modification has been made in the provisions cited in the AS.
1 Where it may reasonably be expected, the users of works must provide the collective rights management organisations with all the necessary information for the determination and application of the tariffs and for distributing the proceeds in a form that corresponds to the state of the art and allows for automatic data processing.52
1bis Collective rights management organisations are entitled to exchange information received under this Article with one another, insofar as this is necessary for them to carry out their activities.53
2 The collective rights management organisations are obliged to preserve trade secrets.
52 Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
53 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
The IPI supervises the collective rights management organisations.
54 Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 The IPI supervises the conduct of business of the collective rights management organisations and ensures that they comply with their obligations. It examines and approves their annual reports.
2 It may issue directives concerning the obligation to provide information (Art. 50).
3 It may also call on agents not belonging to the Federal Administration to exercise its powers; such agents are bound by a duty of confidentiality.
1 If a collective rights management organisation fails to comply with its obligations, the IPI shall set an appropriate time limit in which the situation must be remedied; if the time limit is not complied with, the supervisory authority shall take necessary measures.
2 In the event of refusal to comply with its decisions, the IPI may, after issuing a warning, restrict or withdraw authorisation.
3 The IPI may publish final decisions at the expense of the collective rights management organisation.
1 The Federal Arbitration Commission for the Exploitation of Copyrights and Related Rights (Arbitration Commission) is responsible for approving the tariffs of the collective rights management organisations (Art. 46).
2 Its members are appointed by the Federal Council. It regulates the organisation and procedures of the Arbitration Commission in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act of 20 December 196855.
3 The Arbitration Commission accepts no directives in taking its decisions; the staff of the Secretariat of the Commission are answerable for such activity to the Chairman of the Commission.
1 The Arbitration Commission consists of a chairman, two co-arbitrators, two deputies as well as additional arbitrators.
2 The additional arbitrators are nominated by the collective rights management organisations and the relevant associations of users of works and performances.
1 The Arbitration Commission takes its decisions with a quorum of five members: the chairman, two co-arbitrators and two additional arbitrators.
2 The chairman designates the two additional arbitrators for each item of business, who must be competent in the matter at hand. One of the additional arbitrators is designated on a nomination by the collective rights management organisations and one on a nomination by the users' associations.
3 The fact that a technically competent member belongs to a collective rights management organisation or to a users' association does not in itself constitute grounds for his recusal.
1 The Federal Department of Justice and Police is the administrative supervisory authority for the Arbitration Commission.
2 The Arbitration Commission shall submit an annual report to the Department on its activities.
1 The Arbitration Commission shall approve the tariff submitted to it if its structure and individual provisions are fair and reasonable.
2 It may make modifications after hearing the collective rights management organisation and the users' associations (Art. 46 para. 2) involved in the procedure.
3 Finally approved tariffs are binding on the courts.
1 When determining remuneration, account is taken of:
2 Remuneration normally amounts to a maximum of ten per cent of the proceeds or costs incurred from the use of the copyright and a maximum of three per cent for related rights; however, it is determined in such a way that entitled persons receive equitable remuneration conditioned upon sound financial management for the administration of rights.
3 The use of the work under Article 19 paragraph 1 letter b is subject to preferential tariffs.
4 The rental of copies of works in accordance with Article 13 by public or publicly accessible libraries is subject to preferential tariffs in order to safeguard the institution's mandate to disseminate knowledge.56
56 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
Any person who can demonstrate a legal interest may bring an action for a declaratory judgment on whether or not a right or legal relationship exists under this Act.
1 Any person whose copyright or related right is infringed or threatened may request the court:
1bis A threat to copyright or related rights is in particular present in acts mentioned in Article 39a paragraphs 1 and 3 and Article 39c paragraphs 1 and 3 and in the case of breach of the obligations under Article 39d.58
2 Actions brought under the Code of Obligations59 for damages, satisfaction and handing over of profits in accordance with the provisions concerning agency without authority remain reserved.
3 Any person who holds an exclusive licence is entitled to bring a separate action unless this is expressly excluded in the licence agreement. Any licensees may join an infringement action in order to claim for their own losses.60
57 Amended by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
58 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389). Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
60 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
1 The court may order the forfeiture and sale or destruction of the unlawfully manufactured items or equipment, devices and other means that primarily serve their manufacture.61
2 The above does not apply to works of architecture that have been constructed.
61 Amended by Annex No 1 of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
62 Repealed by Annex I No II 9 of the Civil Procedure Code of 19 Dec. 2008, with effect from 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221).
1 Any person requesting preliminary measures may, in particular, request that the court orders measures to:
secure evidence;
establish the origin of items unlawfully manufactured or placed on the market;
preserve the existing state of affairs; or
provisionally enforce claims for injunctive relief and remedy infringement.
63 Amended by Annex I No II 9 of the Civil Procedure Code of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221).
The court may order, at the request of the successful party, that the judgment be published at the expense of the other party. The court determines the form and extent of the publication.
The courts shall provide the IPI with full official copies of the final judgments free of charge.
64 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
1 On the complaint of the person whose rights have been infringed, any person who wilfully and unlawfully commits any of the following acts is liable to a custodial sentence not exceeding one year or a monetary penalty:65
2 Any person who has committed any act mentioned in paragraph 1 for commercial gain shall be prosecuted ex officio. The penalty is a custodial sentence not exceeding five years or a monetary penalty. …69.70
65 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
66 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
67 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
68 Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2251; BBl 2006 1).
69 Third sentence repealed by No I 4 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021 on the Harmonisation of Sentencing Policy, with effect from 1 July 2023 (AS 2023 259; BBl 2018 2827).
70 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 October 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
Any person who intentionally omits to indicate the source used where required by statute (Articles 25 and 28) and where the author is named therein, to provide the name of the author, is liable to a fine on the complaint of the person whose rights have been infringed.
1 On the complaint of the person whose rights have been infringed, any person who wilfully and unlawfully commits any of the following acts is liable to a custodial sentence not exceeding one year or a monetary penalty:71
2 Any person who has committed any act mentioned in paragraph 1 for commercial gain shall be prosecuted ex officio. The penalty is a custodial sentence not exceeding five years or a monetary penalty. …76.77
71 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BB1 2006 3389).
72 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
73 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
74 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
75 Amended by Annex No 1 of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
76 Third sentence repealed by No I 4 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021 on the Harmonisation of Sentencing Policy, with effect from 1 July 2023 (AS 2023 259; BBl 2018 2827).
77 Amended by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
1 On the complaint of the person whose protection has been violated, any person who wilfully and unlawfully commits any of the following acts is liable to a monetary penalty:
2 Any person who has committed any act mentioned in paragraph 1 for commercial gain shall be prosecuted ex officio. The penalty is a custodial sentence not exceeding one year or a monetary penalty.
3 Acts under paragraph 1 letter c and d are only liable to prosecution where they are carried out by a person who is known or, under the circumstances, should be known, for instigating, enabling, facilitating or concealing infringements of copyright or related rights.
78 Inserted by Art. 2 of the FD of 5 Oct. 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2497; BBl 2006 3389).
Any person who, without the required authorisation (Art. 41), asserts copyright or related rights, the exploitation of which is subject to federal supervision (Art. 40), is liable to a fine.
79 Amended by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
Works of architecture that have been constructed may not be forfeited under Article 69 of the Swiss Criminal Code82.
81 Amended by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
84 Amended by Annex No 19 of the Administrative Court Act of 17 June 2005, in force since 1 Jan. 2007 (AS 2006 2197; BB1 2001 4202).
1 Appeals against decisions of the IPI and the Arbitration Commission may be brought before the Federal Administrative Court.
2 The procedure for appeals before the Federal Administrative Court is subject to the Federal Act of 17 June 200585 on the Federal Administrative Court and the Federal Act of 20 December 196886 on Administrative Procedure (APA). The foregoing is without prejudice to the following exceptions:
87 Amended by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
88 Amended by No 1 2 of the FA of 22 Dec. 2023 on the Introduction of a Simplified Procedure for Destroying Small Consignments in Intellectual Property Law, in force since 1 July 2025 (AS 2025 313; BBl 2023 1184).
1 The Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (FOCBS) is authorised to notify the owners of copyright or related rights and the authorised collective rights management organisations if there is any suspicion that goods are about to be brought into or taken out of the customs territory whose distribution would violate legislation applicable in Switzerland on copyright and related rights.
2 In such cases, the FOCBS is authorised to withhold the goods for three working days in order that the persons entitled may file an application in accordance with Article 76.
89 Amended by No 1 2 of the FA of 22 Dec. 2023 on the Introduction of a Simplified Procedure for Destroying Small Consignments in Intellectual Property Law, in force since 1 July 2025 (AS 2025 313; BBl 2023 1184).
1 If owners or licensees of copyright or related rights that are entitled to institute proceedings or authorised collective rights management organisations have clear indications that goods are about to be brought into or taken out of the customs territory whose distribution would violate legislation applicable in Switzerland on copyright or related rights, they may request the FOCBS in writing to refuse the release of the goods.
2 Applicants may at the same time apply in writing for the goods to be destroyed:
3 In the application in accordance with paragraph 2, they may request that the goods be handed over to them so that they can destroy them themselves.
4 The application in accordance with paragraph 2 letter a must not result in the time limits for obtaining preliminary measures in accordance with Article 77 paragraphs 3 and 4 being extended.
5 The Federal Council shall determine what constitutes a small consignment, taking into account in particular the number of units contained in a consignment.
6 Applicants shall provide all the information available to them that the FOCBS requires in order to be able to decide on the application; this shall include a precise description of the goods.
7 The FOCBS makes the final decision on the application. It may charge a fee to cover the administrative costs.
90 Amended by No 1 2 of the FA of 22 Dec. 2023 on the Introduction of a Simplified Procedure for Destroying Small Consignments in Intellectual Property Law, in force since 1 July 2025 (AS 2025 313; BBl 2023 1184).
1 If, as a result of an application for assistance in accordance with Article 76 paragraph 1, the FOCBS has grounds to suspect that transporting the goods into or out of the customs territory may violate the legislation on copyright and related rights applicable in Switzerland, it shall:
2 If an application for the destruction of small consignments (Art. 76 para. 2 let. b) was submitted with the application for assistance in accordance with Article 76 paragraph 1, the procedure shall be governed exclusively by Article 77hbis.
3 The FOCBS shall detain the goods for a maximum of ten working days from the date on which the applicant received the notification in accordance with paragraph 1 letter b so that the applicant may obtain preliminary measures.
4 Where justified by the circumstances, it may detain the goods for a maximum of ten additional working days.
5 If the consignment is small, the FOCBS may transfer responsibility for the notification in accordance with paragraph 1 letter b and the further procedural steps to the IPI.
91 Amended by No 1 2 of the FA of 22 Dec. 2023 on the Introduction of a Simplified Procedure for Destroying Small Consignments in Intellectual Property Law, in force since 1 July 2025 (AS 2025 313; BBl 2023 1184).
1 While the goods are being withheld, the FOCBS93 is authorised to hand over or deliver to the applicant, on request, samples for examination or to permit the applicant to inspect the goods being withheld.
2 The samples are collected and delivered at the expense of the applicant.
3 They must be returned after the examination has been carried out, if this is reasonable. If samples are retained by the applicant, they are subject to the provisions of customs legislation.
92 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
93 Name in accordance with No I 1 of the O of 12 June 2020 on the Amendment of Legislation because of the Change in Name of the Federal Customs Administration as part of its Further Development, in force since 1 Jan. 2022 (AS 2020 2743). This change has been made throughout the text.
1 At the same time as notification is made in accordance with Article 77 paragraph 1, the FOCBS shall inform the declarant, holder or owner of the goods of the possible handover of samples or the opportunity to inspect them in accordance with Article 77a paragraph 1.
2 The declarant, holder or owner may request to be present at the inspection in order to safeguard his manufacturing or trade secrets.
3 The FOCBS may refuse to hand over samples on a reasoned request from the declarant, holder or owner.
94 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
1 …97
2 If an application for destruction is made, the FOCBS shall notify the declarant, holder or owner of the goods accordingly as part of the notification made under Article 77 paragraph 1.
3 …98
95 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
96 Amended by No 1 2 of the FA of 22 Dec. 2023 on the Introduction of a Simplified Procedure for Destroying Small Consignments in Intellectual Property Law, in force since 1 July 2025 (AS 2025 313; BBl 2023 1184).
97 Repealed by No 1 2 of the FA of 22 Dec. 2023 on the Introduction of a Simplified Procedure for Destroying Small Consignments in Intellectual Property Law, with effect from 1 July 2025 (AS 2025 313; BBl 2023 1184).
98 Repealed by No 1 2 of the FA of 22 Dec. 2023 on the Introduction of a Simplified Procedure for Destroying Small Consignments in Intellectual Property Law, with effect from 1 July 2025 (AS 2025 313; BBl 2023 1184).
1 The destruction of the goods requires the consent of the declarant, holder or owner.
2 Consent is deemed to be given if the declarant, holder or owner does not expressly object to the destruction within the time limits given under Article 77 paragraphs 2 and 3.
99 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
Before the destruction of the goods, the FOCBS shall remove samples and hold them in safekeeping as evidence in any actions for damages.
100 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
1 If the destruction of the goods proves to be unjustified, the applicant is exclusively liable for the resultant loss.
2 If the declarant, holder or owner has given express written consent for the destruction, no claims for damages may be made against the applicant if the destruction later proves to be unjustified.
101 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
1 The destruction of the goods is carried out at the expense of the applicant.
2 The costs for collecting and safekeeping samples under Article 77e are decided by the court in connection with the assessment of claims for damages in accordance with Article 77f paragraph 1.
102 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
1 If it is anticipated that withholding the goods may lead to a loss being incurred, the FOCBS may make the withholding of the goods dependent on the applicant providing them with an accountability statement. As an alternative to this statement and where justified by the circumstances, the FOCBS may request the applicant to provide appropriate security.
2 The applicant is liable for any losses incurred from withholding the goods and from collecting the samples if preliminary measures are not ordered or prove to be unjustified.
103 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
1 The FOCBS shall detain goods if the consignment is small and:
2 It may transfer responsibility for conducting the further procedure to the IPI.
3 The competent authority shall provide the declarant, holder or owner of the goods with notification of the suspicion and of the detained goods and inform him that the goods will be destroyed if he does not expressly object to the destruction within ten working days of receiving this notification.
4 If the declarant, holder or owner expressly objects to the destruction within the time limit specified in paragraph 3, the competent authority shall notify the applicant accordingly. The further procedure shall be governed mutatis mutandis by Articles 77 paragraphs 3 and 4, 77a, 77b and 77h.
5 If the declarant, holder or owner agrees to the destruction or does not give an opinion within the time limit specified in paragraph 3, the competent authority shall destroy the goods at the applicant's expense no earlier than three months after the notification specified in paragraph 3 or hand them over to the applicant for destruction if the applicant has requested this in accordance with Article 76 paragraph 3. Claims for damages by the applicant against the declarant, holder or owner are excluded.
6 The competent authority shall provide the applicant with information about the quantity and type of the goods destroyed in accordance with paragraph 5 and about the senders, whether inside or outside Switzerland.
104 Inserted by No 1 2 of the FA of 22 Dec. 2023 on the Introduction of a Simplified Procedure for Destroying Small Consignments in Intellectual Property Law, in force since 1 July 2025 (AS 2025 313; BBl 2023 1184).
105 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
1 The rights holders whose copyright or related rights are infringed may process personal data insofar as this is essential for the purpose of filing a criminal complaint or reporting a criminal offence and they may lawfully access the data. They are also permitted to use this data for asserting civil claims to be joined to the criminal proceedings, or for asserting claims after the conclusion of criminal proceedings.
2 They must disclose the purpose of the data processing, the type of data processed and the scope of the data processing.
3 They may not link the personal data under paragraph 1 with data collected for other purposes.
The Federal Council enacts the implementing provisions.
The following are repealed:
106 [BS 2 817; AS 1955 855]
107 [BS 2 834]
1 This Act also applies to works, performances, phonograms and audio-visual fixations and broadcasts created prior to its commencement.
2 Where the use of a work, performance, phonogram, audio-visual fixation or broadcast that is unlawful under this Act was previously permitted, it may be completed if begun prior to the commencement of this Act.
1 Contracts concerning copyright or related rights concluded prior to the commencement of this Act and decisions issued on the basis of such contracts remain in effect in accordance with the previous law.
2 Unless otherwise agreed, such contracts do not apply to rights first created by this Act.
3 Articles 13a and 35a do not apply to agreements concluded before the Amendment of 27 September 2019 came into force.108
108 Inserted by No I of the FA of 27 Sept. 2019, in force since 1 April 2020 (AS 2020 1003; BBl 2018 591).
Article 62 paragraph 3 and Article 65 paragraph 5 apply only to licence agreements that have been concluded or confirmed after the Amendment to this Act dated 22 June 2007 comes into force.
109 Inserted by Annex No I of the FA of 22 June 2007, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2551; BBl 2006 1).
1 Tariffs of the authorised collective rights management organisations that were approved under the previous law remain in force until their term of validity expires.
2 Remuneration under Articles 13, 20 and 35 becomes due on the commencement of this Act; it may be claimed from the time the corresponding tariff is approved.
